APSA references and in-text citations from a DOI, ISBN, URL or title, with the rules explained. Export the list to Word.
Let’s cite!
Paste a DOI, ISBN, PubMed or arXiv ID, a web address, or just a title. Your list is saved in this browser, so you can close the tab and come back to it.
Formatted by citeproc-js © Frank Bennett, unmodified, under the CPAL — citeproc-js implements the Citation Style Language. Styles from the CSL project, CC BY-SA 3.0 (our copies).
Paste a DOI, an ISBN, a link or a title and the tool finds the publisher's own record for it and formats it in APSA — the author–date system used in political science, public policy and international relations. The references entry and the in-text citation come together, and the rules are those of the Style Manual for Political Science, revised 2018 edition (American Political Science Association), published by the American Political Science Association. The manual was revised in 2018 and follows the Chicago author–date system in most respects.
The manual is published free by the APSA; its section on citing government documents is the part that goes beyond Chicago.
Three steps, about twenty seconds a source.
A DOI, an ISBN, a PubMed or arXiv ID, a web address, or a title. APSA is already selected on this page. The tool works out what you pasted and asks the right catalogue — Crossref, OpenLibrary, PubMed, DataCite or Semantic Scholar — for the record.
Each source gets a card showing what the catalogue held and what the tool changed to fit APSA: a DOI reduced to its bare form, a page range tidied. Every change can be undone with one click if the record was right as it was.
Copy the list with its formatting into Word or Google Docs, or download a .docx with the hanging indent and spacing already set. BibTeX, RIS and CSL-JSON exports carry the same data into Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote or LaTeX.
The rules the tool applies, from the Style Manual for Political Science, revised 2018 edition (American Political Science Association).
Six real sources — two journal articles, a book, a chapter, a web page and a conference paper — formatted by the same engine that runs the generator above. Nothing here was typed by hand, so what you see is what you get.
AI Writing Assistant. “Free AI Writing Tools: What Each Does and When to Use It.” AI Writing Assistant. https://www.aiwritingassistant.net/tools.html (September 18, 2026).
In text: (AI Writing Assistant n.d.)
Golder, Scott A., and Michael W. Macy. 2011. “Diurnal and Seasonal Mood Vary with Work, Sleep, and Daylength Across Diverse Cultures.” Science 333(6051): 1878–81. doi:10.1126/science.1202775.
In text, citing page 1880: (Golder and Macy 2011, 1880)
Grice, H. Paul. 1975. “Logic and Conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics, Volume 3: Speech Acts, eds. Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan. New York: Academic Press, 41–58.
In text, citing page 45: (Grice 1975, 45)
Kahneman, Daniel, Jack L. Knetsch, and Richard H. Thaler. 1991. “Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5(1): 193–206. doi:10.1257/jep.5.1.193.
In text: (Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler 1991)
Kuhn, Thomas S. 2012. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 4th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
In text, citing page 12: (Kuhn 2012, 12)
Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. “Attention Is All You Need.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30, Curran Associates, 5998–6008.
In text: (Vaswani et al. 2017)
Five errors markers see most often, and what the tool does about each.
(Kuhn, 2012) is APA. APSA writes (Kuhn 2012, 12).
APSA, like Chicago, gives full first names as printed on the work.
APSA keeps title case, with articles in quotation marks.
(Kuhn 2012:12) is ASA. APSA uses a comma and a space.
APSA still gives the publisher's city.
If your handbook names one of these instead, its page opens the generator with that style selected.
APSA is built on Chicago author–date; the two differ mainly in small punctuation and in APSA's rules for government documents and legal sources. Open the Chicago Author–Date page.
Some political science courses use APA instead. The comma after the author and the ampersand tell the two apart at a glance. Open the APA page.
Yes. Every style, every source type and every export is free, with no account and no daily allowance, because the formatting runs in your browser rather than on our servers. Your list is saved in this browser and never sent to us.
The 2018 revision of the APSA Style Manual for Political Science, which is what the association's journals apply.
The surname and year with no comma, and a page after a comma: (Kuhn 2012, 12). The tool prints the in-text form under each reference; turn on the in-text switch above the list if it is hidden.
Paste the address and the tool reads the page's title, author, site name and date where the page declares them, then formats it. The APSA form of a web page with an organisation as author and no date is: AI Writing Assistant. “Free AI Writing Tools: What Each Does and When to Use It.” AI Writing Assistant. https://www.aiwritingassistant.net/tools.html (September 18, 2026). Check the author and date on the card — pages often leave them out, and the style has a rule for each case.
Yes. Your sources are stored as data, not as formatted text, so choosing another style in the picker re-formats the whole list at once — APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE, Vancouver, or any of the 10,000 Citation Style Language styles the picker searches.
From the Style Manual for Political Science, revised 2018 edition (American Political Science Association), published by the American Political Science Association, as encoded in the open Citation Style Language style the tool uses. The manual is published free by the APSA; its section on citing government documents is the part that goes beyond Chicago. Where your department's own guide differs on a detail, the department's guide is the one your marker reads.
Check the essay's grammar, tighten the wording, or summarise a source before you cite it. One plan covers every tool.
Each page opens the generator with that style already selected, shows what the tool prints for six real sources, and explains the style's rules. The picker above the list reaches more than 10,000 styles in all.
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